Compound Concentration (μg/g DW) in Novel Food Reference foods
Aqueous extraction Low ethanol Low aqueous Ethanol Concentration (μg/g FW) Examples
Gallic acid 174 54.5 42.8 37.7 1.6 - 46.7 Date, blackberry, cloudberry, grapefruit, banana
Protocatechuic acid 771 570.7 386.6 119.5 0.1 - 217.9 Chicory, eggplant, onion, almond, grapefruit, date, apple, kiwi, pomegranate
Catechin 145 70.8 70 25.4 3 – 1,078 Cocoa powder, blackberry, raspberry, strawberry, apricot, peach, apple, pear, banana, pomegranate
Caffeic acid 0 3.75 2.5 0 0.02 – 1,411 Plum, date, cranberry, grapefruit, peach, apple, pear
Syringic acid 2.17 40.1 22.2 12.1 9 - 60.6 Date, apple, grape, cauliflower, walnut
Rutin (Quercetin 3-O-rutinoside) 0 0 0 0.5 0.04 - 190 Plum, blackberry, raspberry, apricot, apple, pear, tomato, lettuce
Vanillin 0.36 6.9 2.16 3.2 0.2 - 1 Cocoa powder, olive
Coumaric acid 9.49 12.7 9.6 5.58 0.04 - 57.7 Plum, date, cranberry, strawberry, grapefruit, apple, pear
Ferulic acid 4.3 7.49 5.73 2.42 0.1 - 118.3 Date, cranberry, grapefruit, apple, eggplant, olive
Salicylic acid (4-Hydroxybenzoic acid) 2.7 5.26 3.4 3.8 0.05 - 46.6 Cranberry, grapefruit, date, loquat
Quercetin 2.92 8.17 8.36 6.7 0.2 - 420 Bilberry, elderberry, cranberry, raspberry, apple, onion
Cinnamic acid 0.32 0.55 0.38 0 0.2 - 41.2 Cranberry, strawberry, orange, olive